This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of two essential oils i.e. garlic essential oil (GEO) and fenugreek

essential oil (FEO), along with their 1:1 blend (BEO), under in vitro conditions. Antibacterial effectiveness was measured using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods against four bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 1272), Escherichia coli (MTCC 723), and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (MTCC 733). Antioxidant activity was assessed by determining radical scavenging capacity through ABTS and DPPH assays. GEO demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones between 12 mm and 27 mm and MIC values ranging from 8500 to 16000 ppm, showing the highest effectiveness against B. cereus. FEO exhibited selective antibacterial properties, notably inhibiting gram-negative bacteria like E. coli and S. typhi but was ineffective against B. cereus. BEO displayed improved antibacterial activity, likely due to synergistic interactions between GEO and FEO. While both essential oils demonstrated good antioxidant activity individually, their blend showed enhanced antioxidant capacity, evidenced by DPPH inhibition of 71.77% and ABTS inhibition of 62.44% at the highest concentration tested. In conclusion, the combination of these essential oils exhibits significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, indicating potential as a natural preservative in the food industry.

The present study was undertaken to develop spent hen meat biscuits incorporated with chia seed powders (CSP). During the preparation of spent hen meat biscuit dough, three different levels of CSP replacing refined wheat flour (viz. 4%, 6.0% and 8% of total flours in the basic formulation) were incorporated, thereby resulting in the preparation of four types of meat biscuit samples viz., C (without CSP), T1 (4% CSP), T2 (6.0% CSP) and T3 (8% CSP). The developed products were assessed for various quality evaluations in terms of physico-chemical, proximate, colour, texture, and sensory parameters. The CSP incorporation resulted in increased pH values, fat, dietary fibre, calorific value, and ash content. The crude fibre and ash content of meat biscuits with 8% CSP was recorded as the highest among all samples. The hardness values increased significantly (pandlt;0.05) in treated biscuits than controls. The overall acceptability of the spent hen meat biscuit with 6% CSP was recorded as the highest. Thus, good-quality spent hen meat biscuits could be successfully prepared by incorporating 6% CSP.

The objective of present experiment was to assess the effect of de-worming on the health status and milk yield of Kenkatha cattle in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. The study was carried out in two farms of the Banda University of Agriculture andamp; Technology (BUAT) i.e. Kenkatha Conservation and Nandi Nandini Abhyaran Unit. A total of 40 cattle were randomly selected from above two farms. The twenty cattle were routinely de-wormed with Al-bendazole (treatment) as per manufacturer instructions and rest 20 animals had never been treated (control). The experiment was carried out for period of 4 month. We measured the initial and final body weight to calculate the growth rate. The body condition scoring (BCS) was done on 1 to 9 scale. Blood samples were taken from each animal to measure the haemoglobin level. The milk yield record of 12 dewormed and 14 control animals was collected on a regular basis. The growth rates (g/d) for control and treatment were 104.17andplusmn;14.8 and 183.33andplusmn;16.2, respectively. The final BCS at end of trial were found 3.5andplusmn;0.7 and 5.2andplusmn;0.6 for control and treatment cow respectively. The growth rate and BCS were observed to be significantly impacted by deworming (Pandlt;0.05 and Pandlt;0.01) respectively. Milk yields (kg/day) were found significantly (Pandlt;0.05) between the groups. The level of haemoglobin (Hb) was also found significant (Pandlt;0.05). Based on the aforementioned data it can be concluded that routine deworming of cattle significantly improves their health, resulting in increased growth and milk yield in this region.

Mastitis is a major and perpetual problem of the dairy sector due to failure to follow basic management practices under field

conditions incurring heavy financial losses as a result of reduction in milk yield, cost of treatment, loss due to discarded milk

and loss of germplasm due to culling of superior animals. Taking into cognizance all these factors, control and prevention

of mastitis should be aimed so as at ensure a mastitis free farm. In present study, it was found that use of 1% potassium

permanganate reduced 70.59% infected quarters from day 0 to the completion of teat dipping on day 60, mean SCC were also

reduced significantly (pandlt;0.05) to below normal range (191.50andplusmn;46.09 andtimes; 103/ml) after 30 days of completion of teat dipping trial.

It was also revealed that milk yield and milk components were not affected by the use of post-milking teat dip. So, the use of

post-milking teat dip helps in reduction of mastitis by preventing entry of pathogens into the teat.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of dried poultry excreta (DPE) and probiotic on carcass characteristics

of commercial broiler chicks. The experiment consisted of the replicates for probiotic and dried poultry excreta groups. The

results of the present study were expressed on per cent shrinkage, per cent dressing, percent giblet and on total meat yield.

The proximate principles of the meat revealed that there was no effect of the treatments on moisture, fat and ash content. The

Coliforms counts and standard plate counts were reduced in probiotics fed groups. The lactobacillus counts were recorded

higher in probiotic fed groups than the control. The inclusion of DPE and Probiotics showed highly significant effect on breast

Angle at 6th week of age. As well as a highly significant effect on the shank length measurement. Analysis of variance revealed

highly significant differences due to DPE on total meat yield per cent. The highest total meat yield was recorded for 5 per cent

DPE level of diet followed by 10 per cent DPE level. The higher dressing per cent showed at 5 per cent DPE and 10 per cent

DPE level, effect of DPE was found to be highly significant. The Inclusion of Probiotics and DPE in diet was found to have

significant effect on keel bone length at 6th weeks of age, The probiotic was found to have significant effect only on per cent

wing yield. Numerically higher values were recorded for back with neck per cent yield due to probiotics.

Toe and leg ringing using metallic or non-metallic materials is widely practiced by bird conservationists for identification

purposes. However, its use by aviculturists on captive birds, such as parakeets, is illegal under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act,

1972. Materials commonly used include non-metallic PVC and PMMA, and metallic aluminumandmdash;either soft or hard anodized.

Improper ring material or size can lead to irritation, scratching, and self-inflicted trauma in birds. Additionally, as birds grow,

ill-fitted rings may cause entrapment injuries and infection. This case highlights such complications observed in a rose-ringed

parakeet (Psittacula krameri). A 7-year-old rose-ringed parakeet weighing 120 grams was presented to the Referral Veterinary

Polyclinic (RVP), IVRI, Bareilly, with a history of continuous gnawing at its right digit. Clinical examination revealed an

edematous swelling and wound at the third phalanx of the second digit, caused by an identification ring placed on the second

phalanx. Litter material was found trapped beneath the ring. The birdandrsquo;s body temperature (105anddeg;F) was within normal limits, but

the heart rate was elevated at 320 bpm. Preoperative medication included intramuscular ampicillin (50 mg/kg) and meloxicam

(0.5 mg/kg). Sedation was achieved using midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), followed by ketamine (50 mg/kg) for anesthesia. The

affected area was cleaned with 2% chlorhexidine and 0.5% povidone-iodine. A 2andndash;4 mm bone cutter was used to remove the ring

after safeguarding soft tissues with a plastic guard. Postoperative care included continued antibiotics and analgesics, antiseptic

wound dressing, and light bandaging. This case emphasizes the risk of constriction injuries due to improper ring application and

highlights the need for appropriate materials and sizing. It underscores the importance of enforcing wildlife protection laws and

reporting such cases to relevant authorities to prevent illegal captivity and safeguard avian welfare.