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The present research was carried out in various urban and rural areas across all 12 coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh from March 2025 to February 2026. Gastrointestinal parasites were identified through detailed microscopic examination of faecal samples. Out of 560 cat faecal samples examined, 316 cats were found positive for one or more gastrointestinal parasites, resulting in an overall prevalence of 56.42%. Out of which, trematode were 1.96%, cestodes were 16.80%, nematodes were 22.32% and protozoan parasites were 15.35% (χ² = 103.37; df = 3; p < 0.001). 64 cats were found to harbour mixed parasitic infections, representing an overall prevalence of 11.42%. The spatial variation in parasitic infections between districts; between rural and urban areas. Rural areas had a higher prevalence (61.07%) than urban areas (51.78%), indicating greater exposure of rural cats to infective stages of parasites. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were 47.50% in Srikakulam, 42.50% in Vizianagaram, 62.50% in Visakhapatnam, 42.50% in Anakapalli, 60.00% in Kakinada, 55.00 % in Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema, 57.50% in West Godavari, 60.83% in Krishna, 45.00% in Bapatla, 50.00% in Prakasam, 75.00% in Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore and 70.00% in Tirupati of Andhra Pradesh. Overall prevalence was highest in adult cats aged 1–6 years (72.12%), cats up to 1 year (65.17%), 7–10 years (24.27%) and above 10 years old age (22.64%)(χ² = 106.52; df = 3; p < 0.001). Overall prevalence rates of 59.17% in males and 52.86% in females. It was 79.44% in Indian shorthair cats, 51.67% in mixed-breed cats and 50.00% in Persian cats. Shorthair cats had 55.11% and longhair cats had 57.98%. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was markedly higher in pregnant cats (75.76%) than in non-pregnant cats (49.29%). Prevalence was 37.62% in indoor cats, 62.46% in indoor-outdoor cats and 84.93% in outdoor/free-ranging cats. Highest prevalence recorded during the post-monsoon (66.07%) followed by monsoon (64.28%), summer (27.52%) and winter (59.13%).

In the present study, encapsulation of thyme essential oil (TEO) through spray drying was done using two different wall materials viz Arabic gum (AG) and maltodextrin (MD) at two different concentrations viz. 12 and 14%, respectively, with 3% carrageenan as reinforcing material. The encapsulated powders obtained were designated AGc12, AGc14, MDc12 and MDc14. The encapsulation was carried out by spray drying at three inlet temperatures (120˚C, 140˚C, and 160˚C) and various properties of spray-dried encapsulated powder were studied, viz. encapsulation efficiency (EE), residual moisture content, bulk and tapped density. With an increase in inlet temperature, a significant (P˂0.05) increase in encapsulation efficiency was observed, and it also varied with the type of wall material used. The encapsulation efficiency at different inlet temperatures and with use of different wall materials at two concentrations varied from 12.23% to 78.66%. The type of wall material had a significant (P<0.05) effect on residual moisture content and was observed to be highest for powders with AG as wall material than MD. Both bulk and tapped density were also dependent on wall material concentration as well as type of wall materials used. Based on encapsulation efficiency, bulk density and tapped density, AGc14 as the wall material, i.e., Arabic gum at 14% concentration and a 160 °C inlet temperature, was selected as the spray-drying conditions and parameters for encapsulation of TEO.

The present study was undertaken with the objective, to stabilize distal fracture of long bones using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with evaluation of appropriate implant in dogs. The study was conducted on twelve dogs, irrespective of breed, sex and body weight, presented with a distal fracture of long bone to the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), Jabalpur. All the fractures were stabilized using open reduction and internal fixation with supracondylar plate or locking T- plate. Clinical parameters like degree of exudation were assessed postoperatively on day 3, 7 and 15 showing a significant (p<0.05) difference and indicating progressive improvement in wound healing by the 15th postoperative day. Assessment of weight-bearing was carried out on day 0, 7, 28, 45 and 60 post-operatively, a significant (p<0.05) improvement in weight bearing grades was observed in dogs from day 0 to day 45 post-operatively. Thereafter, a continued and progressive improvement was recorded on day 45 and 60. Assessment for the radiographic healing was carried out on the day of presentation and on day 14, 28, 45, 60 postoperatively. The complete union of fracture segments with disappearance of the radiolucent line was observed by 60th postoperative day. This study concluded that Supracondylar (J) plate fixation was effective for surgical management of distal femur fracture in dogs, particularly in fracture with limited distal bone segment and caudal femoral curvature. The T-plate provided rigid fixation, adequate screw purchase in small distal segments of radius-ulna and maintained proper fracture alignment throughout the healing period.

Porcine sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis is a highly contagious and economically important ectoparasitic disease of pigs, characterized by intense pruritus, dermatitis, reduced feed efficiency and impaired productivity. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to minimize production losses and prevent transmission within herds. A one-year-old Large White Yorkshire pig presented with severe pruritus, generalized alopecia, hyperkeratosis and crusted skin lesions. Deep skin scrapings collected from affected areas were processed using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and examined microscopically for the detection and identification of mite developmental stages. Following confirmation of the infestation, therapeutic management was undertaken using ivermectin along with supportive care and appropriate hygienic measures. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adult stages of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis, confirming the diagnosis of sarcoptic mange. The animal showed progressive clinical improvement following treatment, with marked reduction in pruritus, resolution of crusted lesions, and gradual hair regrowth. Follow-up skin scrapings were negative for mites, indicating successful clinical and parasitological recovery.

The livestock economy plays an important role in the socio-economic fabric of Western Rajasthan, a region characterized by arid climate, low rainfall and fragile agricultural eco-systems and it emerges as resilient and sustainable livelihood option for rural households. Within animal husbandry,goat farming is a good source of money and animal protein because it required comparatively low initial capital and fetches high price in market. The present study aimed to find out the constraints faced in adaptation and production of goat farming at commercial level in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. The Kisan Kaushal Vikas Kendra (KKVK), One of the centers of Agriculture University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) organized four self-paid capacity building programs on commercial goat farming during 2024-2025. A sample of 120 respondents belonging to Jodhpur districts were purposive selected among the total trainees (172) in four training programs covering the representation of all ten blocks of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. The results of the study revealed that a number of interlinked constraints were faced in adoption of goat farming and the most severe being shortage of grazing land coupled with shortage of green fodder, poor veterinary and extension services, lack of credit and inadequate knowledge of scientific breeding management practices. The major emphasized in training to encourage the goat farmer to follow the recommended practices of goat farming and enhance their income by adopting strategic and systemic extension and advisory interventions and to overcome the constraints and would go a long way. Thus, paving a way of sustainable goat husbandry for doubling of farmers’ income and also to achieve maximum benefits in

An indigenous male chicken was presented with a six-day history of swelling in the lower cervical region, accompanied by anorexia and respiratory distress. Clinical examination revealed a markedly distended crop containing firm to semi-soft impacted material, leading to a diagnosis of crop impaction. Ingluviotomy was performed under local infiltration anaesthesia, and a large quantity of impacted undigested grains, fibrous plant material, and foreign bodies was successfully removed. The bird recovered uneventfully following appropriate postoperative care, with complete resolution of clinical signs.

Nutritional modulation of reproductive metabolism through omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has emerged as a promising strategy to improve male fertility; however, information on its effects on seminal plasma and sperm biochemistry in indigenous equine breeds remains limited. The present study evaluated the effect of dietary linseed oil, a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), on the biochemical profile of seminal plasma and spermatozoa in Marwari stallions. Eight clinically healthy stallions were randomly allocated to either a control diet (T1) or an isonitrogenous diet supplemented with 8% linseed oil (T2) for 60 days. Seminal plasma and spermatozoa were separated following semen collection, and biochemical constituents, including metabolites, lipids, proteins, minerals and metabolic enzymes, were analysed using standardized commercial assay kits. Dietary linseed oil supplementation induced selective biochemical alterations without disturbing overall reproductive biochemical homeostasis. In seminal plasma, total lipid (364.14 ± 20.74 vs. 274.70 ± 29.27 mg/dL;   P=0.05) and calcium (18.42 ± 1.33 vs. 7.29 ± 3.08 mg/dL; P = 0.02) concentrations increased significantly in supplemented stallions. In spermatozoa, cholesterol (142.16 ± 8.71 vs. 116.56 ± 4.36 mg/dL; P = 0.04) and lactate (64.29 ± 3.81 vs. 31.18 ± 3.98 mg/dL; P = 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher, while glucose showed an increasing trend (P=0.05). Other biochemical constituents, including triglycerides, phospholipids, proteins, urea, magnesium, LDH, SGOT and SGPT, remained unaffected. These findings demonstrate that dietary linseed oil selectively modulates lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis and sperm energy metabolism while preserving overall biochemical stability, suggesting that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may improve the reproductive metabolic microenvironment and provide a biochemical basis for enhancing stallion reproductive function.