Treatment was evaluated; Amprolium showed a reduction in oocyst counts by an average of 96.46 percent, whereas Toltrazuril

resulted in a slightly higher average reduction of 97.34 percent which showed Toltrazuril was deemed more efficacious than Amprolium. Species identification confirmed the presence of three Eimeria species (E. bovis, E. auburnesis, E. albamensis) by conventional and molecular methods. Integrated control strategies, including improved farm management, frequent fecal sample screening, and regular use of anti-coccidials, were advised and assessed across three organized farms. Results showed a fifty percent decrease in mortality rates and improvement in body condition scores (BCS) in the study period, advocating these strategies effectively managing coccidiosis with improvement of health and economic sustainability. Present study underscores the significance of regular monitoring and tailored interventions in managing parasitic infections in buffalo calves, with special to better calf welfare and farm productivity of livestock owners.

Highlights

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