Mammary characteristics have a direct impact on dairy cow economic production. The current study was carried out at the University of Khartoum farm to examine the impact of non-genetic parameters such as parity order and lactation stages on milk production and composition in crossbreed dairy cows. The study was conducted for 11 months from (January to November) 2022, during which the cows were in different production parity orders for milk (the second to the eighth season) at different age stages (3- 10 years), and physiological status. There was no discernible drop in the milk supply across all udder sections (P≥0.05) with advancing lactation from early to mid milking days, the highest decrease was in milking late (early 11.20, mid 10.02, and late 8.23 L), respectively. The difference in daily milk yield significance (P ≤0.05) was for multiparous cows at 11.56 L and as much as 8.70 L for primiparous cows. The fat percentage was significantly affected by the lactation the stage (P < 0.05); the fat percentage in the milk was lower at the beginning of lactation, and then increased in the mid and late lactation (early 3.86%, mid 4.89%, and late 5.12%). In addition, milk composition percentages (protein, lactose, NFS, and density) did not differ significantly during the different stages of lactation: early, Mid, and late.

Highlights

• Advancing lactation from early to mid-milking days, the highest decrease was in milking late.
• The difference in daily milk yield significance (P ≤0.05) was for multiparous cows and primiparous cows.
• The fat percentage in the milk was lower at the beginning of lactation, and then increased in the mid and late lactation.