Year: 2026 | Month: February | Volume 16 | Issue 1
Bee Propolis in Focus: In Vitro Fermentation of Napier Bajra Fodder Based Total Mixed Ration
Srishti Dhuria
Jasmine Kaur*
J.S. Hundal and Daljeet Kaur
DOI:10.30954/2277-940X.01.2026.3
Abstract:
The present study investigated the effects of adding graded levels of bee propolis (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% on DM basis) on in vitro nutrient utilization and gas production parameters. The study also determined the chemical composition of bee propolis, conventional concentrate and TMRs with graded levels of bee propolis. The in vitro evaluation of napier bajra fodder based TMR incorporated with graded levels of bee propolis revealed no significant effect on net gas production, microbial mass production and efficiency, digestibility of DM, OM and NDF, SCFA production and ME availability. However, a numerically lower (P>0.5) value of ammonia nitrogen level was observed at 0.2% level of bee propolis as compared to control (0% level of bee propolis). Therefore, the study suggests that bee propolis has potential to lower the levels ammonia nitrogen in ruminants. However, more studies are needed to explore its potential using different feeds and fodders as well as different levels of bee propolis in different animal species.
Highlights
- Effects of incorporating bee propolis in the napier bajra fodder based TMR on fermentation characteristics were studied.
- NH3-N levels decreased in response to increase in levels of bee propolis.
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